ABSTRACT
Abstract Large epidemiologic and clinical estimates of spondyloarthritis (SpA) in Latin America are not available. In this narrative review, our goal was to descriptively summarize the prevalence and features of SpA in Latin America, based on available small studies. A review of peer-reviewed literature identified 41 relevant publications. Of these, 11 (mostly based on Mexican data) estimated the prevalence of SpA and its subtypes, which varied from 0.28 to 0.9% (SpA), 0.02 to 0.8% (ankylosing spondylitis), 0.2 to 0.9% (axial SpA), and 0.004 to 0.08% (psoriatic arthritis). Demographic and/or clinical characteristics were reported in 31 of the 41 publications, deriving data from 3 multinational studies, as well as individual studies from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Data relating to treatment, disease manifestations (articular and extra-articular), and comorbidities were summarized across the countries. Available data suggest that there is a variability in prevalence, manifestations, and comorbidities of SpA across Latin America. Basic epidemiologic and clinical data are required from several countries not currently represented. Data relating to current treatment approaches, patient outcomes, and socioeconomic impact within this large geographic region are also needed.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Spondylarthritis/epidemiology , Prognosis , Spondylitis, Ankylosing/epidemiology , Arthritis, Psoriatic/epidemiology , Demography , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Latin America/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Resumo Objetivo: Analisar as variáveis demográficas e clínicas associadas à diminuição da qualidade de vida em uma grande coorte brasileira de pacientes com espondiloartrite (EpA). Métodos: Foi aplicado um protocolo de pesquisa único a 1.465 pacientes brasileiros classificados como tendo EpA de acordo com os critérios do European Spondyloarthropaties Study Group (ESSG), atendidos em 29 centros de referência em reumatologia do Brasil. Foram registradas as variáveis clínicas e demográficas. A qualidade de vida foi analisada por meio do questionário Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (ASQoL). Resultados: A pontuação média do ASQoL foi de 7,74 (+ 5,39). Ao analisar doenças específicas no grupo de EpA, as pontuações do ASQoL não apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significativa. Os dados demográficos mostraram piores escores de ASQoL associados ao gênero feminino (p = 0,014) e etnia negra (p < 0,001). Quanto aos sintomas clínicos, a dor na região glútea (p = 0,032), a dor cervical (p < 0,001) e a dor no quadril (p = 0,001), estiveram estatisticamente associadas a piores escores no ASQoL. O uso contínuo de fármacos anti-inflamatórios não esteroides (p < 0,001) e agentes biológicos (p = 0,044) esteve associado a escores mais elevados de ASQoL, enquanto outros medicamentos não interferiram nos escores do ASQoL. Conclusão: Nesta grande série de pacientes com EpA, o sexo feminino e a etnia negra, bem como sintomas predominantemente axiais, estiveram associados a uma qualidade de vida reduzida.
Abstract Objective: To analyze quality of life and demographic and clinical variables associated to its impairment in a large Brazilian cohort of patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA). Methods: A common protocol of investigation was applied to 1465 Brazilian patients classified as SpA according to the European Spondyloarthropaties Study Group (ESSG) criteria, attended at 29 reference centers for Rheumatology in Brazil. Clinical and demographic variables were recorded. Quality of life was analyzed through the Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (ASQoL) questionnaire. Results: The mean ASQoL score was 7.74 (± 5.39). When analyzing the specific diseases in the SpA group, the ASQoL scores did not present statistical significance. Demographic data showed worse scores of ASQoL associated with female gender (p = 0.014) and African-Brazilian ethnicity (p < 0.001). Regarding clinical symptoms, buttock pain (p = 0.032), cervical pain (p < 0.001) and hip pain (p = 0.001), were statistically associated with worse scores of ASQoL. Continuous use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (p < 0.001) and biologic agents (p = 0.044) were associated with higher scores of ASQoL, while the other medications did not interfere with the ASQoL scores. Conclusion: In this large series of patients with SpA, female gender and African-Brazilian ethnicity, as well as predominant axial symptoms, were associated with impaired quality of life.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Quality of Life , Spondylarthritis/physiopathology , Spondylarthritis/psychology , Severity of Illness Index , Brazil , Cohort StudiesABSTRACT
Objetivo Avaliar os resultados da aplicação do Índice de Atividade de Doença da Espondilite Anquilosante de Bath (BASDAI) numa série de pacientes brasileiros com EpA e estabelecer suas correlações com as variáveis específicas do grupo. Métodos Um protocolo comum de investigação foi prospectivamente aplicado em 1.492 pacientes brasileiros classificados como EpA pelos critérios do Grupo Europeu de Estudo das Espondiloartropatias (ESSG), acompanhados em 29 centros de referência em reumatologia no Brasil. Variáveis clínicas, demográficas e índices de doença foram colhidos. Os valores totais do BASDAI foram comparados com a presença das diferentes variáveis. Resultados O valor médio do BASDAI foi de 4,20 ± 2,38. Os escores médios do BASDAI foram mais elevados nos pacientes com forma clínica combinada, comparado às formas axiais e periféricas isoladas, nos pacientes do sexo feminino e nos sedentários. Com relação ao componente axial, valores mais altos do BASDAI estiveram significativamente associados à lombalgia inflamatória, à dor alternante em nádegas, à dor cervical e ao acometimento de coxofemorais. Houve associação estatística entre os valores do BASDAI e o comprometimento periférico, relacionado ao número de articulações inflamadas, tanto dos membros inferiores quanto dos membros superiores, e às entesites. A positividade do HLA-B27 e a presença de manifestações extra-articulares não estiveram correlacionadas com os valores médios do BASDAI. Valores mais baixos do BASDAI estiveram associados ao uso de agentes biológicos (p < 0,001). Conclusão Nesta série heterogênea de pacientes brasileiros com EpA, o BASDAI conseguiu demonstrar “atividade de doença” tanto nos pacientes com acometimento axial quanto naqueles com envolvimento periférico. .
Objective To analyze the results of the application of the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) in a large series of Brazilian patients with the diagnosis of SpA and establish its correlations with specific variables into the group. Methods A common protocol of investigation was prospectively applied to 1492 Brazilian patients classified as SpA according to the European Spondyoarthropathies Study Group (ESSG), attended at 29 referral centers of Rheumatology in Brazil. Clinical and demographic variables, and disease indices (BASDAI, Basfi, Basri, Mases, ASQol) were applied. The total values of BASDAI were compared to the presence of the different variables. Results The mean score of BASDAI was 4.20 ± 2.38. The mean scores of BASDAI were higher in patients with the combined (axial + peripheral + entheseal) (4.54 ± 2.38) clinical presentation, compared to the pure axial (3.78 ± 2.27) or pure peripheral (4.00 ± 2.38) clinical presentations (P < 0.001). BASDAI also presented higher scores associated with the female gender (P < 0.001) and patients who did not practice exercises (P < 0.001). Regarding the axial component, higher values of BASDAI were significantly associated with inflammatory low back pain (P < 0.049), alternating buttock pain (P < 0.001), cervical pain (P < 0.001) and hip involvement (P < 0.001). There was also statistical association between BASDAI scores and the peripheral involvement, related to the lower (P = 0.004) and upper limbs (P = 0.025). The presence of enthesitis was also associated to higher scores of BASDAI (P = 0.040). Positive HLA-B27 and the presence of cutaneous psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, uveitis and urethritis were not correlated with the mean scores of BASDAI. Lower scores of BASDAI were associated with the use of biologic agents (P < 0.001). Conclusion In this heterogeneous Brazilian series of SpA patients, BASDAI was able to demonstrate “disease ...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Spondylarthritis/diagnosis , Brazil , Prospective Studies , Registries , Severity of Illness Index , Spondylitis, Ankylosing/diagnosisABSTRACT
Objetivo Analisar as características clínicas e epidemiológicas das espondiloartrites (EpA) de início juvenil (< 16 anos) e compará-las com um grupo de pacientes com EspA de início na vida adulta (≥ 16 anos). Pacientes e métodos Coorte prospectiva, observacional e multicêntrica com 1.424 pacientes com diagnóstico de EspA de acordo com o European Spondyloarthropathy Study Group (ESSG) submetidos a um protocolo comum de investigação e recrutados em 29 centros de referência participantes do Registro Brasileiro de Espondiloartrites (RBE). Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: idade no início<16 anos (grupo EspAiJ) e idade no início ≥ 16 anos. Resultados Entre os 1.424 pacientes, 235 manifestaram o início da doença antes dos 16 anos (16,5%). As variáveis clínicas e epidemiológicas associadas com a EspAiJ foram: gênero masculino (p<0,001), artrite em membro inferior (p=0,001), entesite (p=0,008), uveíte anterior (p=0,041) e HLA-B27 positivo (p=0,017), em associação com escores mais baixos de atividade da doença (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index – BASDAI; p=0,007) e de capacidade funcional (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index – BASFI; p=0,036). A psoríase cutânea (p<0,001), a doença inflamatória intestinal (p=0,023), a dactilite (p=0,024) e o envolvimento ungueal (p=0,004) foram mais frequentes em pacientes com EspA de início na vida adulta. Conclusões Nessa grande coorte brasileira, os pacientes com EspAiJ se caracterizavam predominantemente pelo gênero masculino, envolvimento periférico (artrite e entesite), HLA-B27 positivo e escores de doença mais baixos. .
Objective To analyze the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of juvenile-onset spondyloarthritis (SpA) (< 16 years) and compare them with a group of adult-onset (≥ 16 years) SpA patients. Patients and methods Prospective, observational and multicentric cohort with 1,424 patients with the diagnosis of SpA according to the European Spondyloarthropathy Study Group (ESSG) submitted to a common protocol of investigation and recruited in 29 reference centers participants of the Brazilian Registry of Spondyloarthritis (RBE – Registro Brasileiro de Espondiloartrites). Patients were divided in two groups: age at onset<16 years (JOSpA group) and age at onset ≥ 16 years (AOSpA group). Results Among the 1,424 patients, 235 presented disease onset before 16 years (16.5%). The clinical and epidemiologic variables associated with JOSpA were male gender (p<0.001), lower limb arthritis (p=0.001), enthesitis (p=0.008), anterior uveitis (p=0.041) and positive HLA-B27 (p=0.017), associated with lower scores of disease activity (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index – BASDAI; p=0.007) and functionality (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index – BASFI; p=0.036). Cutaneous psoriasis (p<0.001), inflammatory bowel disease (p=0.023), dactylitis (p=0.024) and nail involvement (p=0.004) were more frequent in patients with adult-onset SpA. Conclusions Patients with JOSpA in this large Brazilian cohort were characterized predominantly by male gender, peripheral involvement (arthritis and enthesitis), positive HLA-B27 and lower disease scores. .
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Spondylitis, Ankylosing , Spondylarthritis/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Age of Onset , Spondylarthritis/diagnosisABSTRACT
Introdução: Poucos estudos avaliaram o perfil do uso de drogas modificadoras de doença (DMD) em pacientes brasileiros com diagnóstico de espondiloartrite (EpA). Métodos: Um protocolo comum de investigação foi prospectivamente aplicado em 1505 pacientes classificados como EpA pelos critérios do Grupo Europeu de Estudo das Espondiloartrites (ESSG), acompanhados em 29 centros de referência em Reumatologia no Brasil. Variáveis clínicas e demográficas foram obtidas e avaliadas, analisando-se suas correlações com o uso das DMD metotrexato (MTX) e sulfasalazina (SSZ). Resultados: Pelo menos uma DMD foi utilizada por 73,6% dos pacientes, sendo MTX por 29,2% e SSZ por 21,7%, enquanto 22,7% utilizaram ambas as drogas. O uso do MTX foi significativamente associado ao acometimento periférico, e a SSZ foi associada ao comprometimento axial, sendo que as duas drogas foram mais utilizadas, isoladas ou combinadas, no comprometimento misto (p < 0,001). O uso de uma DMD esteve significativamente associado à etnia branca (MTX; p = 0,014), lombalgia inflamatória (SSZ; p = 0,002), dor em nádegas (SSZ; p = 0,030), cervicalgia (MTX; p = 0,042), artrite de membros inferiores (MTX; p < 0,001), artrite de membros superiores (MTX; p < 0,001), entesite (p = 0,007), dactilite (MTX; p < 0,001), doença inflamatória intestinal (SSZ; p < 0,001) e acometimento ungueal (MTX; p < 0,001). Conclusão: O uso de pelo menos uma DMD foi referido por mais de 70% dos pacientes numa grande coorte brasileira de pacientes com EpA, sendo o uso do MTX mais associado ao acometimento periférico e o uso da SSZ mais associado ao acometimento axial. .
Introduction: Few studies have evaluated the profile of use of disease modifying drugs (DMD) in Brazilian patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA). Methods: A common research protocol was applied prospectively in 1505 patients classified as SpA by criteria of the European Spondyloarthropathies Study Group (ESSG), followed at 29 referral centers in Rheumatology in Brazil. Demographic and clinical variables were obtained and evaluated, by analyzing their correlation with the use of DMDs methotrexate (MTX) and sulfasalazine (SSZ). Results: At least one DMD was used by 73.6 % of patients: MTX by 29.2 % and SSZ by 21.7%, while 22.7 % used both drugs. The use of MTX was significantly associated with peripheral involvement, and SSZ was associated with axial involvement, and the two drugs were more administered, separately or in combination, in the mixed involvement (p < 0.001). The use of a DMD was significantly associated with Caucasian ethnicity (MTX , p = 0.014), inflammatory back pain (SSZ, p = 0.002) , buttock pain (SSZ, p = 0.030), neck pain (MTX, p = 0.042), arthritis of the lower limbs (MTX, p < 0.001), arthritis of the upper limbs (MTX, p < 0.001), enthesitis (p = 0.007), dactylitis (MTX, p < 0.001), inflammatory bowel disease (SSZ, p < 0.001) and nail involvement (MTX, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The use of at least one DMD was reported by more than 70% of patients in a large cohort of Brazilian patients with SpA, with MTX use more associated with peripheral involvement and the use of SSZ more associated with axial involvement. .
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Methotrexate/therapeutic use , Registries , Spondylarthritis/drug therapy , Sulfasalazine/therapeutic use , Brazil , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
As doenças inflamatórias intestinais (doença de Crohn e retocolite ulcerativa) apresentam manifestações extraintestinais em um quarto dos pacientes, sendo a mais comum a artrite enteropática. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, observacional e multicêntrico, realizado com pacientes de 29 centros de referência participantes do Registro Brasileiro de Espondiloartrites (RBE), que se incorpora ao grupo RESPONDIA (Registro Ibero-americano de Espondiloartrites). Dados demográficos e clínicos de 1472 pacientes foram colhidos, e aplicaram-se questionários padronizados de avaliação de mobilidade axial, de qualidade de vida, de envolvimento entesítico, de atividade de doença e de capacidade funcional. Exames laboratoriais e radiográficos foram realizados. Objetivamos, neste presente artigo, comparar as características clínicas, epidemiológicas, genéticas, imagenológicas, de tratamento e prognóstico de enteroartríticos com os outros espondiloartríticos nesta grande coorte brasileira. RESULTADOS: Foram classificados como enteroartrite 3,2% dos pacientes, sendo que 2,5% tinham espondilite e 0,7%, artrite (predomínio periférico). O subgrupo de indivíduos com enteroartrite apresentava maior prevalência de mulheres (P < 0,001), menor incidência de dor axial inflamatória (P < 0,001) e de entesite (P = 0,004). O HLA-B27 foi menos frequente no grupo de enteroartríticos (P = 0,001), mesmo se considerado apenas aqueles com a forma axial pura. Houve menor prevalência de sacroiliíte radiológica (P = 0,009) e também menor escore radiográfico (BASRI) (P = 0,006) quando comparado aos pacientes com as demais espondiloartrites. Também fizeram mais uso de corticosteroides (P < 0,001) e sulfassalasina (P < 0,001) e menor uso de anti-inflamatórios não hormonais (P < 0,001) e metotrexato (P = 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Foram encontradas diferenças entre as enteroartrites e as demais espondiloartrites, principalmente maior prevalência do sexo feminino, menor frequência do HLA-B27, associados a uma menor gravidade do acometimento axial.
Inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease and ulcerative rectocolitis) have extraintestinal manifestations 25% of the patients, with the most common one being the enteropathic arthritis. METHODS: Prospective, observational, multicenter study with patients from 29 reference centers participating in the Brazilian Registry of Spondyloarthritis (RBE), which incorporates the RESPONDIA (Ibero-American Registry of Spondyloarthritis) group. Demographic and clinical data were collected from 1472 patients and standardized questionnaires for the assessment of axial mobility, quality of life, enthesitic involvement, disease activity and functional capacity were applied. Laboratory and radiographic examinations were performed. The aim of this study is to compare the clinical, epidemiological, genetic, imaging, treatment and prognosis characteristics of patients with enteropathic arthritis with other types of spondyloarthritis in a large Brazilian cohort. RESULTS: A total of 3.2% of patients were classified as having enteroarthritis, 2.5% had spondylitis and 0.7%, arthritis (peripheral predominance). The subgroup of individuals with enteroarthritis had a higher prevalence in women (P < 0.001), lower incidence of inflammatory axial pain (P < 0.001) and enthesitis (P = 0.004). HLA-B27 was less frequent in the group with enteroarthritis (P = 0.001), even when considering only those with the pure axial form. There was a lower prevalence of radiographic sacroiliitis (P = 0.009) and lower radiographic score (BASRI) (P = 0.006) when compared to patients with other types of spondyloarthritis. They also used more corticosteroids (P < 0.001) and sulfasalazine (P < 0.001) and less non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (P < 0.001) and methotrexate (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: There were differences between patients with enteroarthritis and other types of spondyloarthritis, especially higher prevalence of females, lower frequency of HLA-B27, associated with less severe axial involvement.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Arthritis/etiology , Colitis, Ulcerative/complications , Crohn Disease/complications , Arthritis/diagnosis , Arthritis/therapy , Brazil , Prospective Studies , Registries , Spondylarthritis/diagnosis , Spondylarthritis/etiology , Spondylarthritis/therapyABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Descrever as manifestações extra-articulares (cardíacas, renais, pulmonares e neurológicas) geralmente não relacionadas às espondiloartrites (EpA) em uma grande coorte de pacientes brasileiros. MÉTODOS: Este estudo retrospectivo analisou 1.472 pacientes com o diagnóstico de EpA atendidos em 29 centros distribuídos pelas cinco principais regiões geográficas do Brasil, integrantes do Registro Brasileiro de Espondiloartrites. Todos os pacientes foram avaliados para a prevalência das principais manifestações extra-articulares (cardíacas, renais, pulmonares e neurológicas), divididas por diagnóstico [espondilite anquilosante (EA), artrite psoriásica (AP), artrite reativa (ARe), artrite associada a doença inflamatória intestinal (DII), EpA indiferenciada (EI) e EpA juvenil] e por forma clínica (axial, periférica, mista e entesítica). RESULTADOS: Dentre os pacientes avaliados com EpA, 963 apresentavam EA, 271 AP, 49 ARe, 48 artrite associada a DII, 98 EI e 43 EpA juvenil. Acometimento cardíaco foi observado em 44 pacientes (3,0%), seguido por acometimento pulmonar em 19 (1,3%), renal em 17 (1,2%) e neurológico em 13 pacientes (0,9%). A maioria dos casos de acometimento visceral ocorreu nos pacientes com EA ou AP e naqueles com forma clínica mista (axial e periférica) e/ou predominantemente axial. CONCLUSÃO: As manifestações extra-articulares cardíacas, renais, pulmonares e neurológicas são muito pouco frequentes nas EpA, variando de 0,9%-3% nesta grande coorte brasileira, estando mais associadas a EA e AP.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the extra-articular manifestations (cardiac, renal, pulmonary, and neurological), usually not related to spondyloarthritis (SpA), in a large cohort of Brazilian patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed 1,472 patients diagnosed with SpA and cared for at 29 health care centers distributed in the five major geographic regions in the country, participating in the Brazilian Registry of Spondyloarthritis (BRS). All patients were assessed for the prevalence of major extra-articular manifestations (cardiac, renal, pulmonary, and neurological), classified according to the diagnosis [ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), reactive arthritis (ReA), arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), undifferentiated spondyloarthritis (uSpA), and juvenile SpA], and according to the clinical presentation (axial, peripheral, mixed, and enthesitis). RESULTS: Of the patients with SpA assessed, 963 had AS, 271 PsA, 49 ReA, 48 arthritis associated with IBD, 98 uSpA, and 43 juvenile SpA. Cardiac involvement was reported in 44 patients (3.0%), pulmonary involvement in 19 (1.3%), renal involvement in 17 (1.2%), and neurological involvement in 13 patients (0.9%). Most patients with visceral involvement had AS or PsA, and the mixed (axial + peripheral) and/or predominantly axial clinical form. CONCLUSION: Cardiac, renal, pulmonary, and neurological extra-articular manifestations are quite infrequent in SpA, ranging from 0.9% to 3% in this large Brazilian cohort, and affected predominantly patients with AS and PsA.